Chapter 17 - Forests: Our Lifeline Notes
1. A large area of land covered mainly with trees and other plants is called a forest.
2. Forest is a system comprising various plants, animals and microorganisms.
3. The type of animals and kind of trees differ from forest to forest.
4. Forests are the habitat of a large number of different kinds of animals, birds, reptiles, etc.
5. There are four layers of forest named as emergent layer, canopy, understorey and forest floor.
6. In a forest, trees form the uppermost layer, followed by shrubs. The herbs form the lowest layer of vegetation.
7. Based on the life span of plants and trees, they are classified as annuals, biennials and perennials. The organisms which make their own food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll are called producers.
8. The organisms which consume the food made by the producers are called consumers.
9. The organisms which derive their food items from the dead and decaying animals or plants are called decomposers.
10. All plants and animals are linked together by the process of eating and being eaten. This is called a food chain. Many food chains are interlinked to form a food web.
11. Importance of forests are:
• It help in replenishing groundwater.
• It regulate climate, and help rainfall.
• It purify the air and control air pollution.
• It control floods.
12. Forests are also called green lungs because plants release oxygen during photosynthesis which helps in keeping the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere.
13. Deforestation can lead to soil erosion, water pollution, disruption in water cycle, drought, global warming, etc.
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