Finite and Non-Finite Verbs
Gerunds
Gerunds are words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns. Gerund is a verb with -ing tacked to its tail.
Example:
• Visiting New York is always an experience.
("Visiting" is the subject of the verb "is.")
• I love visiting New York.
("Visiting" is the direct object of the verb "love.")
• I surprised them by visiting New York.
("Visiting" is the object of the preposition "by.")
• My highlight was visiting New York.
("Visiting" is a subject complement. It completes the linking verb "was" and renames the subject, making it a subject complement.)
Verbs with to-infinitives
We use the to-infinitive after certain verbs (verbs followed by to-infinitive),
The infinitives is used:
After certain verbs, adjectives and nouns.
• Verb + Infinitives
Example:
→ They hope to reach the party on time.
→ I want to try the new ice-cream flavor.
• Adjective + Infinitive
→ I’m happy to hear you are well.
→ She’s delighted to see him.
• Noun + Infinitive
→ I’ve got some homework to do.
Bare infinitive
The infinitive without 'to' is called the bare infinitive, or the base form of a verb.
The Zero Infinitive
• After modal auxiliary verbs (will, shall, would, could etc)
Example:
→ My sister could play the piano when she was five.
→ You must get up earlier in the morning.
• After certain verbs (hear, see, make, let etc)
Example:
→ He saw her fall from the cliff.
→ She made her kids tidy their beds.
• After expressions “would rather” and “had better
Example:
→ I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.
→ It’s cold. The children had better wear their coats.
• Used with WHY
Example:
→ Why wait until tomorrow?
→ Why leave before the end of the match?
Participle
A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed etc. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, seen, and gone.
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