NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 9 - Urban Livelihoods


Chapter 9 - Urban Livelihoods

Question 1: Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk.
Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and so sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping, and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safely and also offer loans to labourers in need.
Source: Aman Sethi, Hindu On-line
Answer:

• Their living conditions are very poor - without any access to basic facilities like sanitation, drinking water.
• Due to lack of basic facilities, they will be prone to many diseases.
• As they live in poverty, they cannot access medical facilities.
• They have don’t have permanent jobs.
• They don’t have access to education and they will continue living in poverty.

Question 2: Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:
Answer:

Name

Place of work

Earnings

Security of work

Benefits received

Work on their own or employed

Bachchu Manjhi

Road

Rs 100 a day

No security

No benefits

Work on his own

Harpreet Vandana

Showroom

Flexible

Their job is secured

They are planning to buy a flat and car.

Work on their own

Nirmala

Garment

factory

Rs. 80 a day

No security

She can earn extra money by working late.

Employed

Sudha

Company office

She gets regular salary.

Her job is secured

Holidays, medical facilities

Employed


Question 3: In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.
Answer:

• In a permanent and regular job an employee gets a regular salary every month.
• Besides, a regular salary he gets other benefits such as savings for old age, holidays, medical facilities for his family, etc. Thus, his job is secured.
• But casual workers avail no job security.
• If workers complain about their pay or working conditions, they are asked to leave.
• They are also expected to work very long hours.
• They don’t get other benefits like permanent employees.

Question 4: What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?
Answer:

• She gets a regular salary every month and is a permanent worker with the company. She can expect her job to continue for a long period of time.
• Being a permanent worker she also gets other benefits such as the following:
• Savings for old age: A part of her salary is kept in a fund with the government. She will earn interest on these savings. When she retires from this job she will get this money and she can then live on that.
• Holidays: She gets off on Sundays and national holidays. She also gets some days as annual leave.

Question 5: Fill in the following table to show the services provided by people in the markets which you visit frequently.
Answer:

Name of the shop or office

Nature of the service provided

Street Beatz

Clothes for men, women and children

Keshav Reddy

Sweets, Cakes etc

Ratnadeep

Fruits, Vegetables and other groceries stores

L V Prasad Eye Institute

Eyesight checking, making spectacles etc

State Bank of India

Provides security and growth to money


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